Chinese biotech firm
had proved positive results in an animal model and it is the first vaccine
development that was tested in rhesus macaques. Sinovac Biotech, a biotech firm in china gave 2
different doses of vaccine to 8 macaques and after 4 weeks of observation, none
of them had the infection. The human trial began and during the animal testing,
the best outcome came from the best dose. This company is a well-experienced
vaccine maker and they have previously worked with diseases such as hepatitis A
and B and H5N1 influenza. The human
clinical trial consist of 144 volunteers, to whom different doses of the
vaccine were tested.
6 vaccines have entered
the human trial and 77 more are under development. The major developer uses
genetic engineering and the other 4 used old inactivation methods of
developing.
Cansino's Ad5-nCov completed Phase I trial
Cansino's Ad5-nCov Vaccine candidate successfully completed the
phase 1 human trial. This organization started enrolling volunteers for the
phase 2 trial. It is a DNA based vaccine that used a recombinant protein
approach for development. This firm has also already started working for the
phase 2 trial of Ebola vaccine (Adenovirus) Ad5-EBOV. This company is planning
to enroll 500 patients in Wuhan. 250 – phase I middle dose, 125-low dose, and
125 placebo injection. These are the number of people involved in dosage
optimization.
Johnson& Johnson
They have not yet
started any human trail but they have been working with vaccine development
with the same vector and signed a huge deal with HHS/BARDA. The phase I trial
will not begin until September. The
adenovirus vector needs a correct approach to grow a more viral vector.
Insect cells to develop recombinant proteins
The big giant Sanofi
used their approach of developing vaccine by using insect cells to recombinant
antigen proteins. This approach has been already approved for a flu vaccine.
This approach is to be combined with GSK’s adjuvant (immune boosters).
Vaccine INO-4800
Inovio-4800 is a DNA
vaccine that is similar to that of the mRNA vaccine. This firm has been working
on this for several years and other diseases such as MERS/SARS. They started
with 40 volunteers in the US and another challenge is that they are developing
a vaccine delivery devices for injecting through the skin.
mRNA based vaccine
BioNTech has a deal
with Fudan's work on coronavirus vaccine in china. They have signed up a deal
with Pfizer. German regulatory authorities have approved to begin Phase I and
II trails. This trail is to enroll 200 volunteers for dosage evaluation.
ChAdox1-ncov 19
Oxford University has
completed its phase I trial which had no safety problem and they are, to begin
with, 510 volunteers for phase II trial. It is an Adenovirus vector from a
chimpanzee that has a similar concept of the Cansino vaccine.
Moderna’s mRNA 1273
This US-based firm is
expertise in mRNA therapies. They are in collaboration with NIH. The study will
deal with 45 patients phase I trial in Seattle
and larger group at Emory which will have doses of 25,100,250 mg of mRNA
in various age groups.
Summary:
- Inactivated virus vaccine- Wuhan institute for Biological products, Sinovac’s PicoVacc
- mRNA based vaccine- BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna mRNA-1273
- Adenovirus vaccine- Cansino's Ad5-nCov , Johnson& Johnson, Oxford Vaccine(ChAdOx1-nCov 19)
- DNA Vaccine- Inovio’s INO-4800
- Recombinant protein- Sanofi/GSK
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